In the United States District Court for
For the Western District of Missouri
Southern Division
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Marc Perkel, Plaintiff,
Vs
James R. Sharp, William A. Wear Jr. The law firm of Wear and Sharp LLC. Vicki L. Stringfellow, Donald R. Duncan, The law firm of Turner, Reid, Duncan, Loomer, and Patton, P.C., The Honorable William L. Syler, The Bar Plan Mutual Insurance Co.,
Defendants,
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Case No:98-3040-CV-S-3 |
Plaintiff's Brief
Table of Contents
Plaintiff's Brief
*Table of Authorities
*Laws
*Title 42 USC. § 1983)
*Title 42 USC § 1985(2)
*United States Constitution – 14th Amendment
*Missouri Revised Statutes - Section 575.020 - Concealing an offense.
*Missouri Revised Statutes - Section 575.040 - Perjury.
*Missouri Revised Statutes - Section 575.050 - False affidavit.
*Missouri Revised Statutes - Section 575.100 - Tampering with Physical Evidence.
*Statement of the Case
*Arguments
*Defendants representing Defendants
*Protecting Criminal Conduct
*The False Affidavit
*Perjury
*Fraud upon the Court
*Judge Syler Suborns Perjury
*Judge Syler refuses to Recuse Himself
*Conspiracy
*Judicial Immunity
*Color of State Law
*Respondent Superior
*Tort of Bad Faith
*Rights Violated
*Obstructing Justice
*Pro Se is an Invidious Class
*Malice
*Pro Se Standard of Review
*Challenge to the Court
*Conclusion
*Exhibits
*
"Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress."
"(2) Obstructing justice:.... if two or more persons conspire for the purpose of impeding, hindering, obstructing, or defeating, in any manner, the due course of justice in any State or Territory, with intent to deny to any citizen the equal protection of the laws, or to injure him or his property for lawfully enforcing, or attempting to enforce, the right of any person, or class of persons, to the equal protection of the laws, or to injure him or his property for lawfully enforcing, or attempting to enforce, the right of any person, or class of persons, to the equal protection of the laws; "
United States Constitution – 14th Amendment
Section. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law, which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Missouri Revised Statutes - Section 575.020 - Concealing an offense.
1. A person commits the crime of concealing an offense if:
(1) He confers or agrees to confer any pecuniary benefit or other consideration to any person in consideration of that person's concealing of any offense, refraining from initiating or aiding in the prosecution of an offense, or withholding any evidence thereof; or
(2) He accepts or agrees to accept any pecuniary benefit or other consideration in consideration of his concealing any offense, refraining from initiating or aiding in the prosecution of an offense, or withholding any evidence thereof.
2. Concealing an offense is a class D felony if the offense concealed is a felony; otherwise concealing an offense is a class A misdemeanor.
Missouri Revised Statutes - Section 575.040 - Perjury.
1. A person commits the crime of perjury if, with the purpose to deceive, he knowingly testifies falsely to any material fact upon oath or affirmation legally administered, in any official proceeding before any court, public body, notary public or other officer authorized to administer oaths.
2. A fact is material, regardless of its admissibility under rules of evidence, if it could substantially affect, or did substantially affect, the course or outcome of the cause, matter or proceeding.
3. Knowledge of the materiality of the statement is not an element of this crime, and it is no defense that:
(1) The defendant mistakenly believed the fact to be immaterial; or
(2) The defendant was not competent, for reasons other than mental disability or immaturity, to make the statement.
4. It is a defense to a prosecution under subsection 1 of this section that the actor retracted the false statement in the course of the official proceeding in which it was made provided he did so before the falsity of the statement was exposed. Statements made in separate hearings at separate stages of the same proceeding, including but not limited to statements made before a grand jury, at a preliminary hearing, at a deposition or at previous trial, are made in the course of the same proceeding.
5. The defendant shall have the burden of injecting the issue of retraction under subsection 4 of this section.
6. Perjury committed in any proceeding not involving a felony charge is a class D felony.
7. Perjury committed in any proceeding involving a felony charge is a class C felony unless:
(1) It is committed during a criminal trial for the purpose of securing the conviction of an accused for murder, in which case it is a class A felony; or
(2) It is committed during a criminal trial for the purpose of securing the conviction of an accused for any felony except murder, in which case it is a class B felony.
Missouri Revised Statutes - Section 575.050 - False affidavit.
1. A person commits the crime of making a false affidavit if, with purpose to mislead any person, he, in any affidavit, swears falsely to a fact which is material to the purpose for which said affidavit is made.
2. The provisions of subsections 2 and 3 of section 575.040 shall apply to prosecutions under subsection 1 of this section.
3. It is a defense to a prosecution under subsection 1 of this section that the actor retracted the false statement by affidavit or testimony but this defense shall not apply if the retraction was made after:
(1) The falsity of the statement was exposed; or
(2) Any person took substantial action in reliance on the statement.
4. The defendant shall have the burden of injecting the issue of retraction under subsection 3 of this section.
5. Making a false affidavit is a class A misdemeanor if done for the purpose of misleading a public servant in the performance of his duty; otherwise making a false affidavit is a class C misdemeanor.
Missouri Revised Statutes - Section 575.100 - Tampering with Physical Evidence.
1. A person commits the crime of tampering with physical evidence if he:
(1) Alters, destroys, suppresses or conceals any record, document or thing with purpose to impair its verity, legibility or availability in any official proceeding or investigation; or
(2) Makes, presents or uses any record, document or thing knowing it to be false with purpose to mislead a public servant who is or may be engaged in any official proceeding or investigation.
2. Tampering with physical evidence is a class D felony if the actor impairs or obstructs the prosecution or defense of a felony; otherwise, tampering with physical evidence is a class A misdemeanor.
The original divorce case was filed in September of 1994. In that case Defendants Wear and Sharp represented Defendant Stringfellow. In that case Defendant's Wear Sharp and Stringfellow engaged in acts of fraud, fabrication of evidence, and fraud upon the court. Defendant Stringfellow, with the help of her attorneys manufactured false inventory lists and other documents that were false and misleading. Defendants Wear and Sharp had the Plaintiff sanctioned for failing to appear for a deposition that never occurred. Defendant Sharp would later admit in interrogatories that there was no court reporter present to take the Plaintiff's deposition.
Based on false and fabricated evidence and upon the results of fraud upon the court, in July of 1996 the court made a decision giving Defendant Stringfellow more than 100% of the Plaintiff's assets.
On January 15, 1997 Plaintiff filed a law suit in Greene County Missouri Circuit Court naming as defendants Vicki Stringfellow, his ex-wife, William A. Wear, her divorce lawyer, James R. Sharp, her other divorce lawyer, and the law firm of Wear and Sharp. In the suit the Plaintiff alleged that the defendants had committed fraud upon the court, fabricated evidence with the participation of counsel, fraudulent conspiracy, and a number of other questionable acts that lawyers and clients should not do. The suit alleges the defendants used fraud in order to obtain a divorce judgement against the Plaintiff in excess of 100% of his assets. The suit alleged that the lawyers committed and participated in several of the improper acts, thus making them legitimate defendants to this action.
Although Stringfellow, Wear, and Sharp were all defendants, Wear and Sharp nonetheless filed an appearance as attorneys for Defendant Stringfellow. Defendants Wear and Sharp were represented by Donald Duncan who was hired by "The Bar Plan" which is Wear and Sharp’s malpractice insurance company.
Plaintiff then filed a motion to disqualify Wear and Sharp as counsel for Defendant Stringfellow for conflict of interest and violation of the Missouri Rules of Court. Plaintiff pointed out that Rule 3.7 prohibits a witness from being an advocate. In his motion Plaintiff asked Judge Syler to make an immediate decision on the improper representation, and Judge Syler ignored Plaintiff's request. Plaintiff later sent notification to the defendants and the court informing them that Defendants Wear and Sharp were definitely going to be called as witnesses.
On June 2, 1997 Plaintiff amended his suit to include Wear and Sharp’s lawyer, Mr. Duncan, as a defendant alleging that Mr. Duncan was breaking the Rules of Professional conduct and assisting his client to break the Rules of Professional Conduct. Issues now before the court include Tampering with Physical Evidence for the purpose of obstruction of justice and perjury. Since then Mr. Duncan has made an appearance representing himself and his law firm.
A hearing was held on July 14, 1997. At the hearing Judge Syler took up Plaintiff’s motion to disqualify Wear and Sharp from representing Ms. Stringfellow. Judge Syler tried every means he could to justify defendants representing defendants and failed to find a legal basis for doing so. Judge Syler then asked Defendant Sharp if he was going to be a witness. Mr. Sharp replied "No" after which Judge Syler denied Plaintiff's motion and allowed Defendants Wear and Sharp to represent Defendant Stringfellow.
Whereupon Plaintiff moved for an immediate appeal to certify the question of defendants representing defendants. The Court granted Plaintiff’s request for certification of the question and entered an order recessing all proceedings pending certification to the Court of Appeals. The Court ruled:
"The Court takes up Motion #2, Motion to Disqualify Defendant Vicki Stringfellow’s Attorney’s for Conflict of Interest. After examination of Deft Stringfellow in regard to her representation, the Court denies the motion. Whereupon, Petr requests certification of the ruling. After consideration of requests for certification, the Court recesses all proceedings pending Petr’s certification to the Court of Appeals."
Plaintiff then took my question to the Missouri Court of Appeals as directed by the order of the Court to ask that the Court of Appeals certify the question of defendants representing defendants. On July 30th 1997 the Court of Appeals refused to rule, stating that the Missouri Court of Appeals doesn’t have the authority to review interlocutory decisions of the trial court.
Plaintiff then took the question of defendants representing defendants to the Supreme Court of Missouri, pointing out to them that the trial judge wanted the high court to rule on the issue. On September 30th 1997 the Supreme Court of Missouri denied the motion and refused to rule. Plaintiff then took the issue of defendants representing defendants to the United States Supreme Court (Case 97-1053) where it is still pending.
Plaintiff sent interrogatories to Defendant Sharp asking him who the court reporter was who was to take the deposition of the Plaintiff on January 4th 1995. Mr. Sharp confessed that he had no court reporter present. Plaintiff then filed his Motion for Partial Summary Judgement. In response to Plaintiff's motion, Defendant's Sharp and Duncan filed separate but similar answers, both of which contained copies of two faxes the Plaintiff sent to Wear and Sharp in December of 1994. These faxes were labeled Exhibit A and Exhibit B.
Exhibit A had a date on it of December 22nd 1994, however, Exhibit B had the date marked out with what appears to be a thin tipped black marking pen. Defendants then stated in both responses that Exhibit B was sent on December 22nd 1994. Defendants failed to notice however that there was a second date code on the fax showing that the fax was sent on December 21st 1994. Defendants had reversed the order of the faxes and based their arguments on Exhibit B being the last word rather than Exhibit A.
In response to the obviously tampered evidence, Plaintiff filed a second Motion for Summary Judgement. In his motion Plaintiff argued that because Defendants had altered evidence in violation of Missouri Statute 575.100, that the Defendants were admitting through conduct that they could not prevail on the merits of their case.
On November 26, 1997 Judge Syler, in response to various motions filed, wrote a letter to all parties indicating that he will not take up pending matters until the United States Supreme Court rules on the issue of defendants representing other defendants. However, due to Thanksgiving, the letter arrived several days later.
On November 28th 1997 Plaintiff noticed all defendants that he would take their deposition on December 19th. Defendant Stringfellow filed for a protective order.
On December 3, 1997 Judge Syler protected defendants from all discovery by issuing an order stating:
"All discovery or other motions pending are hereby stayed pending further appellate action by Petitioner Perkel including, but not limited to, any Writ of Certiorari from the U.S. Supreme Court."
Judge Syler's order stopped the depositions and protected the Defendants from the Plaintiff investigating criminal conduct. However, on January 8th 1998 Defendant Duncan, in his answer to Plaintiff's Second Motion for Summary Judgement, speaking for all defendants, averred to the Court that Defendant Sharp had not crossed out the date on Exhibit B. He said that Mr. Sharp had highlighted (presumably using a highlighting pen) the dates and that when they were photocopied, they came out solid black. Mr. Duncan went on to claim that the original was lost and that the wrong date was a clerical error. To back up his claim, Mr. Sharp proffered a false affidavit to the court claiming that his photocopy machine copies his highlighted document as solid black.
Plaintiff then filed a reply to defendants' answer pointing out to the court that what Mr. Sharp swore to was scientifically impossible and that the Court should take action to investigate criminal conduct. The Court failed to respond. Plaintiff then filed another Motion to Recuse Judge for covering up criminal conduct. Judge Syler denied Plaintiff's motion to recuse.
At present, Plaintiff is still waiting on a decision on his Writ of Mandamus (Case No 97-1053) which is now before the United States Supreme Court.
Defendants representing Defendants
The very idea of a defendant representing another defendant seems to defy common sense. If a lawyer and a sailor robbed a bank together, would the lawyer be allowed to represent the sailor at trial? Not hardly. This case is the same except that the issue is fraud rather than bank robbery. A defendant representing other defendants seems to be the very definition of conflict of interest.
Missouri rules gives opposing parties the right to raise the issue of conflict of interest. Rule 1.7 states:
Conflict charged by an Opposing Party - "Resolving questions of conflict of interest is primarily the responsibility of the lawyer undertaking the representation. In litigation, a court may raise the question when there is reason to infer that the lawyer has neglected the responsibility. ... Where the conflict is such as clearly to call in question the fair and efficient administration of justice, opposing counsel may properly raise the question."
Missouri also has Rule 3.7 that prohibits a witness from being an advocate at trial. Rule 3.7 states, "A lawyer shall not act as an advocate at trial in which the lawyer is likely to be a necessary witness..." A defendant, by definition, is a witness. Thus Rule 3.7 prohibits defendants from being an advocate at trial.
Proper representation also depends on loyalty to a client. Rule 1.7 states:
"Loyalty to a client is impaired when a lawyer cannot consider, recommend or carry out an appropriate course of action for the client because of the lawyers other responsibilities or interests. The conflict in effect forecloses alternatives that would otherwise be available to the client."
In this case where one defendant is representing another defendant, the client is denied the opportunity to settle the case separately from her co-defendant lawyer, violating Rule 1.7. Rule 1.7 goes on to say, "The lawyers own interests should not be permitted to have and adverse effect on the representation of a client." STRICKLAND, SUPERINTENDENT v. WASHINGTON 466 U.S. at 687 makes this concept clear:
"The Sixth Amendment right to counsel is the right to the effective assistance of counsel, and the benchmark for judging any claim of ineffectiveness must be whether counsel's conduct so undermined the proper functioning of the adversarial process that the trial cannot be relied on as having produced a just result."
What this means is that if the court were to allow one defendant to represent another defendant, the client will be able to make a claim that the decision should be overturned based on the Strickland doctrine. Thus, the trial would have no meaning. In the case of MICHAEL NUNN, v. STATE OF MISSOURI, 1989.MO.936 it was decided that:
"Counsel was caught between the obligation to do his best for movant and the need to justify his own conduct as legal and ethical. An accused is entitled to representation which is uncluttered by counsel's efforts to vindicate his own conduct. A conflict of interest resulting in ineffective assistance of counsel may arise from an interest adverse to the accused or an interest simply personal to the attorney. Maddox v. State, 715 S.W.2d 10, 11 (Mo. App. 1986); Douglas v. State, 630 S.W.2d 162, 164 (Mo. App. 1982)."
"The only issue which should have been before the jury was defendant's conduct, not that of his attorney. Counsel's actions which injected his credibility as an issue during movant's trial undoubtedly adversely affected his client's interests. Counsel's prior conduct was completely irrelevant to movant's case and could only detract from his defense. That the jury unintentionally imputed the alleged improprieties of defense counsel to his client is a very real possibility. Counsel could have avoided this possibility by adhering to the ethical prohibitions."
It is clear that a jury would be confused by the multiple roles of the lawyers, witness, and co-defendants. When Mr. Duncan speaks to the court, how will we know when he's speaking pro se and when he's representing a client and which of the four clients he's speaking for. Will he bring five hats?
The case of State of Missouri ex rel., v. The Honorable Frank Conley. This case makes the whole issue of the dual role of lawyer/witness very clear. It explains in detail what Rule 3.7 really means. In this case a lawyer was to testify against his client. The client understood the conflict of interest and waived his rights to accept his lawyer. He was questioned on the stand extensively to make sure he knew and fully appreciated the choice he was making. He claimed he did. It was also pointed out that the defendant had waited in jail for a long time and that he was broke and that changing counsel would be a hardship on him. The questioning went as follows:
Q. It is your desire to waive the conflict of interest issue, is it not?
A. Yes, sir, it is.
Q. That is, it is your desire having been advised of the potential problems, it is your desire to ask this Court not to disqualify your retained counsel and to permit you to waive the conflict of interest problem and have Mr. Almond and Ms. Brady continue as your retained counsel of choice in this capital murder case; is that correct?
A. Yes, sir, that's correct.
Q. And in making that decision you have been advised by me that there is a potential problem and a potential, if not real conflict of interest between your lawyer's duty to you and his potential interest in protecting himself and in his confusion perhaps of roles as an attorney as well as the potential appearance of your counsel a witness in the case in which he both represents you and will appear to testify himself; isn't that correct?
A. Yes, sir, that's correct.
Q. And knowing of the potential problems, you are still willing to waive that conflict of interest?
A. Yes, I am.
Q. I have advised you that in the event the Court sees fit to accept your waiver that you may be precluded from later contending in a post-trial motion that you were entitled to a fair trial without cluttered representation which may be complicated because of your trial attorney's appearing both as a witness and as an advocate for you; isn't that correct?
A. Yes, sir, that's correct.
Nonetheless the court denied him the choice to continue with his counsel based on Rule 3.7. The court reached the following conclusion:
"The reasons underlying this rule are set forth in Ethical Consideration 5-9 of Missouri's Code of Professional Responsibility. First, a lawyer who serves as both trial counsel and witness is open to impeachment on the basis of an apparent interest in the outcome of the trial and is thus rendered less effective as a witness. Second, a lawyer who assumes both of these roles in a single case makes it more difficult for opposing counsel to conduct effective cross-examination and creates an awkward scenario in which one advocate must challenge the credibility of his legal adversary. Third, the lawyer who assumes the role of a witness must argue his own credibility, which may serve to weaken his credibility and effectiveness as an advocate. Finally, the two roles are said to be simply inconsistent. These reasons have greatest purpose when the witness and advocate are one and the same."
Missouri case law clearly demonstrates that the dual roles as witness and advocate are incompatible. In the underlying case Mr. Wear, Mr. Sharp, and Mr. Duncan have triple roles as witness, advocate, and defendant. What does the law say about this triple role? The law says nothing. The Plaintiff couldn’t find a single case in any state or federal court where a lawyer has even attempted this pattern of representation. It appears that this is the first case where a defendant has ever tried to represent another defendant.
Besides the legal arguments, if we had a trial where defendants represented other defendants, we would have a real circus. If a defendant is a lawyer for another defendant, it puts the client in the awkward position of having to testify against her attorney. It also puts the attorney in the awkward position of having to testify against his client. It creates a conflict of interest where the attorney might be tempted act to protect himself at the expense of his client/codefendant.
In a jury trial the jurors would have the burden of separating the multiple roles of the attorneys as to when the attorney is speaking as a defendant as opposed to when the attorney is speaking for the client. Because the attorney is a defendant and must defend his own actions, his ability to act as an advocate is compromised. The client is entitled to representation which is uncluttered by counsel's efforts to vindicate his own conduct. His client would have an argument for an automatic appeal based on ineffective counsel.
There is also the issue of the rules regarding confidentiality of information between the client and the lawyer. Missouri Rule 1.6(b)(2) states as follows with respect to disclosures by a lawyer about his clients:
"(b) A lawyer may reveal such information to the extent the lawyer reasonably believes necessary: (2) to establish a claim of defense on behalf of the lawyer in a controversy between the lawyer and the client to establish a defense to a criminal charge or civil claim against the lawyer based upon conduct in which the client was involved, or to respond to allegations in any proceeding concerning the lawyers representation of the client."
The comment section goes on to say:
"If a lawyer is charged with wrongdoing in which the client's conduct is implicated, the rule of confidentiality should not prevent the lawyer from defending against the charge. Such a charge can arise in a civil, criminal or professional disciplinary proceeding, and can be based on a wrong allegedly committed by the lawyer against the client, or on a wrong alleged by a third person; for example, a person claiming to have been defrauded by the lawyer and the client acting together."
In the underlying case, the pleading specifically alleges that the lawyer and the client acting together defrauded the Plaintiff. Thus, a client who is represented by a codefendant would effectively lose all claims to lawyer/client confidentiality that would not be lost if counsel, who was not a defendant, represented the client. Or conversely, the lawyer might improperly use the confidentiality rule as a shield to prevent the Plaintiff from discovering facts that would otherwise be discoverable. The rules of confidentiality were never intended to become a tool to mask a fraudulent conspiracy.
It even raises issue of billing for services. Will the lawyer be able to separate the work he’s doing on behalf of the client from the work he’s doing to prepare his own defense? Surely the client shouldn’t have to pay for the defense of the lawyer.
A lawyer representing a codefendant creates a temptation for the lawyer to shift blame to the client in order to exonerate himself. How is it possible for an advocate to fairly represent someone who has such a strong personal interest in the outcome of the case? In the underlying case, the lawyers are accused of criminal conduct including Tampering with a Witness, Tampering with Physical evidence, False Affidavit, and Perjury. How is it possible for a jury to make a fair determination of the facts when faced with lawyers who have to loyally advocate for their client while trying to save their own hide? A trial conducted under these circumstances can not be relied on to having produced a just result.
When a client is represented by a codefendant, the Plaintiff denied the opportunity to settle the case separately with individual defendants. This representation denies the client and the Plaintiff opportunities for settlement that would otherwise be possible if the client were properly represented.
Plaintiff contends that there’s a reason this pattern of representation has never been attempted. The reason being that it is so obviously improper that no lawyer in the history of the United States has given it any serious consideration until these lawyers decided to go where no lawyer has ever gone before.
Interestingly, the pattern of representation in this case is only possible because the Plaintiff is a pro se litigant. If the Plaintiff were to hire counsel to represent him, his counsel would be subject to Missouri Rule 4.2 that prohibits lawyers from communicating with parties represented by counsel. Plaintiff's lawyer would not be allowed to communicate with Mr. Sharp as a lawyer for Ms. Stringfellow because Mr. Sharp is himself a defendant who is represented by Mr. Duncan. Only because the Plaintiff is pro se does this pattern of representation even come close to working.
The strongest argument against defendants representing other defendants is that it is so obviously wrong that it causes both average citizens and lawyers to giggle when they hear it. It doesn’t take a mathematician to know that 1 + 1 does not equal 3, and it doesn’t take a lawyer or a legal argument to prove that when a lawyer and a client are sued for conspiring to commit fraud, that the lawyer shouldn't represent the client in the fraud case. The Plaintiff can not believe that it is possible for a person to go to law school, become a lawyer, then become a judge, without knowing that defendants can’t represent other defendants.
Based on his assertion that Judge Syler had to have known that his ruling was improper, Plaintiff contends that Judge Syler knowing broke the rules for the benefit of the other defendants. For a judge to knowingly and willingly break the rules in behalf of a party suggests a conspiracy between the judge and that party.
In the underlying divorce case, Defendants Wear and Sharp had the Plaintiff sanctioned by the court for failing to attend a lawfully scheduled deposition. On October 9th 1997 Defendant Sharp responded to Plaintiff's interrogatories admitting that there was, in fact, no court reporter present to take the Plaintiff's deposition. Plaintiff had alleged, in the underlying fraud case, that Defendant Wear and Sharp's motion for sanctions was a fraudulent act. Plaintiff states to this court as he did to Judge Syler that if there was no court reporter present, then there was in fact no deposition.
Plaintiff filed a motion for summary judgement. In response to his motion, Defendants responded with an argument which relied on copies of two faxes sent by the Plaintiff to Wear and Sharp which Defendants labeled Exhibit A and Exhibit B. The date on Exhibit B was obliterated and in their arguments, Defendants averred that Exhibit B was sent the day after it was really sent and thus reversing the order of Exhibit A and B. Defendants however failed to obliterate a second date stamp in fine print which revealed the true date the fax was sent.
In reply to Defendants' response to Plaintiff's motion for summary judgement, Plaintiff filed a motion to strike and a second motion for summary judgement. The second motion accused defendants of Tampering with Physical Evidence in violation of Missouri Statute 575.100. Plaintiff argued that by altering evidence that Defendants were admitting through conduct that they can not win on the merits of their arguments and that Plaintiff is entitled to judgement based on this admission.
About the same time Plaintiff sent the Defendants a notice to take their deposition. In response the Defendants filed for a protective order to stop the depositions. Judge Syler granted their request and thus denied Plaintiff's due process rights to discovery. Just as criminal activity was being revealed, Judge Syler stepped in to help the Defendants conceal it.
Although Judge Syler had ordered the proceedings stayed, Defendants, on January 6th 1998 filed a response the Plaintiff's second motion for summary judgement. Their response contained a sworn affidavit by Mr. Sharp. In that affidavit Mr. Sharp claims that he highlighted the date on the fax and when he photocopied it, the date turned solid black. The wrong date in his argument was a clerical error, and of course, the original is missing. Mr. Sharp's affidavit is a false affidavit and it is easily proven false through known scientific fact. Plaintiff pointed out these facts to Judge Syler and asked him to investigate criminal wrongdoing. Judge Syler ignores the Plaintiff and refuses to act.
Judge Syler is an experienced judge and he knows or should know that Mr. Sharp's affidavit is false. The Plaintiff sent all the Defendants and the Judge a color chart he created with six colors of highlighters for the Judge and Defendants to try. This would immediately demonstrate that the Plaintiff's claim that Defendant Sharp's affidavit is false and that the Plaintiff's allegations deserved investigation. Plaintiff contends that there can only be one reason that Judge Syler failed to investigate the Defendants' criminal conduct. The reason is that Judge Syler was conspiring with the Defendants to conceal their crimes.
Plaintiff contends that it is not (or should not be) normal behavior for a judge to conceal criminal conduct on the part of counsel. Plaintiff contends that the Judge should have investigated these crimes and referred the matter to the Prosecutor after conducting his own investigation.
Mr. Sharp in a sworn notarized affidavit stated that a highlighter caused the black mark through the date on Exhibit B. What he states is false because there is no copier or set of circumstances that are capable of producing the results he claims. Attached is a sample of what I'm talking about. Here are 6 colors of highlighters and a photocopy. As you can see, these highlighters don't produce anything close to the results Mr. Sharp claims.
If you look at Exhibit B you can see that Mr. Sharp's highlighter produced a solid black copy, or so he claims. There is no color that copies this black except black itself. In fact, if a black marking pen is used and the marker isn't as dark as the print, it is often still readable.
The Plaintiff sent the original fax by using a digital fax modem and not a fax machine. A digital fax modem creates the fax perfectly. Every black dot is black and every white dot is white. Not one dot is out of place, a different size, or light. When the fax comes out of the remote machine, it is not a copy of what was sent. It's a perfect original. Both Exhibit A and B were faxed directly from the Plaintiff's fax computer directly to the Defendant's fax machine.
Although copiers vary somewhat in the way they see color, the variation is not that great. Yellow, for example, is virtually invisible, if not totally invisible, to every copier made. Blue and Violet show up only as light Grey. Most law firms use Yellow because it is invisible. Yellow has become somewhat of a standard. The Plaintiff has seen documents that came from the law offices of Wear and Sharp that were highlighted in Yellow. Plaintiff believes that if the facts are investigated and the employees are deposed that it will be revealed that Wear and Sharp use a Yellow highlighter.
Although the Plaintiff is probably not an expert witness on the subject of photocopiers, the Plaintiff has been in electronic repair for 26 years and has worked as a photocopier repairman and has a fairly detailed understanding of how photocopiers work and what the capabilities and limitations of a photocopier are. For those who don't know it, as a photocopier ages, the copies will turn out to be lighter, not darker. And older copy machines were less likely to see colors than new modern machines. The older a copy machine is, the less it picks up highlighters. Plaintiff states that there is no way possible that pens sold as highlighting pens can photocopy on any copier under any conditions as solid black. You can't make it do it on purpose if you tried.
Obviously the people who make highlighter pens wouldn't stay in business very long if their pens photocopied as solid black. What lawyer would buy highlighter pens that did that. Pen manufacturers go to great lengths to ensure their products are as invisible to photocopiers as possible. As you can see on the Web Sites of Bic and Magic Marker, they feature the fact that their pens don't show up on faxes and photocopiers as a selling feature.
You'll also notice the solid white areas at the ends of the obliterated area and the thin lines at the ends. Marking pens don't leave this sort of pattern. This pattern is more consistent with a person using a small diameter felt tip marking pen, drawing a box around the date area, and then filling in the box using a horizontal scribbling motion. This would leave the ends white where the horizontal scribble didn't meet the vertical box wall. A highlighting pen wouldn't have been able to make the thin vertical lines on the left and right border. The white areas, if they were light spots, would have photocopied as a dark Grey area instead of solid white.
The Plaintiff encourages the Court and the Defendants to try it yourselves. The Plaintiff challenges the Court and the Defendants to show him where it's possible to create the effect they claim. Plaintiff contends that it can not be done.
Lawyers use highlighters to highlight the important information in their documents. If a lawyer were using a highlighter that photocopied to black, he would lose all his important information. How long would a lawyer be able to continue to practice law if all the important information was rendered unreadable by the highlighter? Even if it were possible for a highlighter to copy as solid black, which it isn't, one could hardly believe that a lawyer could continue to function if it did.
Defendant Sharp is claiming a bizarre series of events occurred. He claims he highlighted the date on just one of the two faxes. He claims he highlights the dates so that he can later refer to those documents. Why was the date on Exhibit B important and not the date on Exhibit A? Then he photocopied the fax that he claims turned the important date to solid black. Obviously he failed to notice it at the time. He claims that the black marks are consistent with other documents that are highlighted. Why would a lawyer continue to use a highlighter that photocopies black?
Of course, the original is conveniently lost so we can't see the highlighter marks. And it was a coincidence that he just happened to make a mistake on the date he crossed out, which just happened to reverse the order of the faxes. And both law firms made the exact same identical mistake without anyone catching it. Then by coincidence both law firms also reversed the order of the faxes in labeling them Exhibits A and B in reverse order. And although they now claim that the order of the faxes doesn't mean anything, they refer to Exhibit B in four places in their arguments as if Exhibit B was the final word.
Missouri Revised Statute 575.040 states:
"1. A person commits the crime of perjury if, with the purpose to deceive, he knowingly testifies falsely to any material fact upon oath or affirmation legally administered, in any official proceeding before any court, public body, notary public or other officer authorized to administer oaths."
I think that we all know that a false affidavit proffered to a court to support a response to summary judgement is perjury. And perjury is a Class D felony.
Mr. Duncan, as counsel for Mr. Sharp has a duty to reveal to the court that his client committed perjury. Mr. Duncan has failed to do so and is therefore suborning perjury. The other Defendants are also suborning perjury by failing to withdraw from the false affidavit after being warned that the affidavit is false. These other defendants can no longer claim that they didn't act knowingly because they failed to abandon the crime after being warned. They can no longer claim a defense based on the element of scienter. Their collaboration with Defendant Sharp is knowingly and willingly.
Obviously filing a false affidavit and tampering with evidence is fraud upon the court. But the fraud isn’t limited to this. Defendant Duncan continues to proffer the fraudulent documents that his clients, Mr. Sharp and Mr. Wear provide him with. The answer to Plaintiff’s Second Motion for Summary Judgement was proffered to the Court by Defendant Duncan on behalf of all the defendants including Ms. Stringfellow.
A lawyer is allowed to represent a client who's guilty, even if the lawyer knows he's guilty. The Plaintiff knows that representing a guilty client doesn't make the lawyer a conspirator. If that were the case then the guilty would be denied representation before the court. However, a lawyer is not allowed to break the rules in order to help a client commit fraud, or in this case, to collect on a judgement he knows his client obtained by fraud. Rule 1.2 is very clear on this. Rule 1.2 in the comment section under "Criminal, Fraudulent and Prohibited Transactions" states in the relevant part:
"However, a lawyer may not knowingly assist a client in criminal or fraudulent conduct."
"The lawyer is not permitted to reveal the client's wrongdoing except where permitted by Rule 1.6. However, the lawyer is required to avoid furthering the purpose, for example, by suggesting how it might be concealed. A lawyer may not continue assisting a client in conduct that the lawyer originally supposes is legally proper but then discovers is criminal or fraudulent. Withdrawal from the representation, therefore, may be required."
Blacks Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition id. at 457 defines "Fraud on Court" as:
"[Fraud on Court] consists of conduct so egregious that it undermines the integrity of the judicial process."
The court in Sutter v. Easterly (Mo) 189 SW2d 284, articulated the general rule defining fraud on the court within the courts of Missouri:
"... Where a lawyer engages in a conspiracy to commit a fraud upon the court by the production of fabricated evidence and by such means obtains a judgement then the enforcement of the judgement becomes manifestly unconscionable' and a court of equity may devitalize the judgement." Id, at 288.
In Sutter it was concluded by the Court that:
"Peters' scheme and conspiracy were such a violation of a lawyer’s duty to the court --- a duty imposed not alone by the principles of honesty and good morals but also by a code of ethics adopted as rules of court, as to amount to a fraud on the court for which equity will grant relief."
In Hazel-Atlas Glass Co. v. Hartford Empire Co. 322 U.S. 238 64 S.Ct. 997, 1000, 88 L. Ed 1250 addresses the issue of injury caused by Fraud on the Court by stating:
"Furthermore, tampering with the administration of justice in the manner indisputably shown here involves far more than injury to a single litigant. It is a wrong against the institutions set up to protect and safeguard the public institutions in which fraud can not complacently be tolerated consistent with the good order of society.
Surely it cannot be that that preservation of the integrity of the judicial process must always wait upon the diligence of litigants. The public welfare demands that the agencies of public justice be not so impotent that they must always be mute and helpless victims of deception and fraud."
In Hazel-Atlas Plaintiff contends that Fraud on the Court is an act not only against the litigant, but is an act against the judicial system itself and demands the exercise of the historic power of equity to set aside fraudulently begotten judgements. Since Fraud on the Court undermines the integrity of the judicial system itself, Plaintiff argues that the power of the Court to devitalize a judgement is not limited to the amount of specific damages Plaintiff can prove he suffered as a direct result of the act of fraud, but must also consider the amount such fraud has damaged the integrity of the institution of justice itself.
Missouri Rule 3.3 [Candor towards the Tribunal] states what a lawyer is supposed to do with false evidence:
A lawyer shall not knowingly: (1) fail to disclose a material fact to a tribunal when disclosure is necessary to avoid assisting a criminal or fraudulent act by the client; (4) offer evidence that the lawyer knows to be false. If a lawyer has offered material evidence and comes to know of it’s falsity, the lawyer shall take reasonable remedial measures.
The comment section goes on to say that: "Except in defense of a criminal accused, the rule generally recognized is that, if necessary to rectify the situation, an advocate must disclose the existence of the client’s deception to the court or to the other party. Such a disclosure can result in grave consequences to the client, including not only a sense of betrayal but also loss of the case and perhaps a prosecution for perjury. But the alternative is that the lawyer cooperate in deceiving the court, thereby subverting the truth-finding process which the adversary system is designed to implement. See Rule 1.2(d). Furthermore, unless it is clearly understood that the lawyer will act upon the duty to disclose the existence of false evidence, the client can simply reject the lawyer’s advice to reveal the false evidence and insist that the lawyer keep silent. Thus the client could in effect coerce the lawyer into being a party to fraud on the court."
Remedial Measures. If perjured testimony or false evidence have been offered, the advocate’s proper course ordinarily is to remonstrate the client confidentially. If that fails, the advocate should seek to withdraw if that would remedy the situation. If withdraw will not remedy the situation or is impossible, the advocate should make disclosure to the court. It is for the court to determine what should be done – making a statement about the matter to the trier of fact, ordering a mistrial or perhaps nothing. If the false testimony was that of the client, the client may controvert the lawyer’s version of their communication when the lawyer discloses the situation to the court. If there is an issue whether the client has committed perjury, the lawyer cannot represent the client in resolution of the issue, and a mistrial may be unavoidable.
Constitutional Requirements. The general rule --- that an advocate must disclose the existence of perjury with respect to a material fact, even that of a client --- applies to defense counsel in criminal cases, as well as other instances.
Rule 3.4 [Fairness to Opposing Party and Counsel] A lawyer shall not: (a) unlawfully obstruct another party’s access to evidence or unlawfully alter, destroy or conceal a document or other material having potential evidentiary value. A lawyer shall not counsel or assist another person to do any such act;
Mr. Duncan is an experienced lawyer and he knows the Rules and he knows he’s breaking the Rules. If Defendant Duncan knows his client’s affidavit is fraudulent, and he proffers it to the Court as evidence, he is suborning perjury. If Defendant Duncan has proffered an affidavit to the Court and later learns that it is false, and fails to take remedial action, he is suborning perjury.
What’s more disturbing than lawyers suborning the perjury of other lawyers, is that Judge Syler is suborning the perjury of the lawyers.
Right before Judge Syler made his historic decision to allow defendants to represent other defendants, he asked Defendant Sharp if he intended to be a witness (to get around Rule 3.7). Defendant Sharp replied "No". What’s disturbing is that the Plaintiff entered into the record a notice of his intent to depose Defendant Sharp and to call him as a witness. The Judge and all the Defendants were mailed a copy of this notice. Besides that, Defendant Sharp is a defendant, and a defendant by definition in a civil case is a witness. Thus there is no way that Defendant Sharp’s statement could possibly be true.
As law professionals, Mr. Sharp and Judge Syler know this. You can’t make it through law school without knowing a defendant is a witness, and they were both sent notification that Mr. Sharp will definitely be called as a witness.
Plaintiff contends that when Judge Syler asked Mr. Sharp the question, he did so with the expectation that Mr. Sharp would lie to the court allowing Judge Syler to rule that a defendant can represent another defendant. This raises an interesting constitutional question. I think Mr. Sharp could argue that he didn’t commit fraud upon the court because the judge expected to be defrauded. Does a person tell a lie if the person he’s speaking to knows he’s lying and expects him to lie? I’d like to see the Defendant’s make that argument.
What it does show however, is that there is a meeting of the minds when a Judge expects a witness to lie and the witness tells the lie the Judge expects to hear.
Judge Syler refuses to Recuse Himself
As noted in Wright & Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure, § 3549, at page 612: Any conduct that would lead a reasonable man knowing all the circumstances to the conclusion that the judge's "impartiality might reasonably be questioned" is a basis on the judge's disqualification. Thus, an impropriety or appearance of impropriety in violation of Canon that would reasonably lead one to question the judge's impartiality in a given proceeding clearly falls within the scope of the general standard, as does participation by the judge in the proceeding if he thereby creates the appearance of lack of partiality." That [the foregoing] interpretation has been widely accepted by the courts. They look to see whether a reasonable person, knowing all the circumstances, would believe that the judge's impartiality could be questioned (see footnote 5, at page 612, citing Rice v. McKensie, (CA4th 1978) 581 F2d 1114, 1116).
In this case the appearance of impropriety is obvious. The mere fact that the Judge allowed one defendant to represent another defendant speaks for itself. The Plaintiff stated in his motion to recuse:
"At the hearing, after failing to justify the improper representation based on legal authority, you asked Mr. Sharp if he intended to be a witness, to which he said "no". You then ruled, before I could respond, that you were going to allow the improper representation. Mr. Sharp is a defendant, and will continue to be a defendant because is was his actions that constituted fraud upon the court. As a defendant I have the right to question him as a witness and I already have in the record notification that he will be a witness. Your attempt to create the illusion that he isn't going to be a witness fails and it is now obvious to any impartial observer that you were acting as an advocate for Mr. Sharp's position."
Plaintiff contends that Judge Syler's refusal to recuse wasn't just a mistake but a willful and malicious abuse of judicial power to deny the Plaintiff his day in court.
The Plaintiff contends that when he filed his first motion to disqualify counsel on the basis of one defendant representing another defendant that the judge should have ruled immediately and ordered the Defendants to obtain proper counsel. Plaintiff contends that Judge Syler knew or should have known that it is a conflict of interest for defendants to represent other defendants. The Plaintiff contends that the Judge knowingly and deliberately violated the Missouri Rules of Court on behalf of the Defendants in making his ruling to allow defendants to represent defendants. Because the representation was improper, the Plaintiff could not proceed to have his cause heard. Because the Plaintiff could not get his cause heard, the Defendants continued to collect on a judgement that was procured be fraud upon the court.
At the hearing on July 14th 1997, Judge Syler and the three lawyers ganged up on the Plaintiff in an attempt to find any way possible to get around the Rules and allow defendants to represent defendants. Judge Syler argued the case in behalf of the defendant attorneys. First the judge questioned if the attorneys were ligitiment defendants. Plaintiff pointed out that the pleading plead facts that were based specifically on the conduct of the attorneys. The judge then attempted to get informed consent from Defendant Stringfellow, however, the Plaintiff presented Judge Syler with the case law he had quoted in his motion indicating that it was held that informed consent was not sufficient. Judge Syler then asked Defendant Sharp if he was going to be a witness. Mr. Sharp replied "No". The judge then ruled that he could represent his codefendant.
In a civil trial the Plaintiff is permitted to question the Defendants. Judge Syler's question was improper because a defendant is presumed to be a witness. This act was a desperate attempt on the part of the judge to break the Rules and pull a fast one on the pro se plaintiff.
On September 9th 1997 the Plaintiff sent interrogatories to Defendant Sharp and he answered them on October 9th 1997. Because he was given and he answered interrogatories, Mr. Sharp became a witness. On December 1st 1997 the Plaintiff filed another motion to disqualify counsel pointing out that Mr. Sharp had established himself as a witness. Judge Syler ignored this motion.
Judge Syler rules on the Defendant's motions and not on the Plaintiff's motions. The Judge is breaking the Rules for the benefit of the Defendants. The Defendants have Tampered with Physical Evidence and then filed a false sworn affidavit committing Perjury to cover up the evidence tampering. Judge Syler however allows the Defendants to continue to commit criminal conduct in his court.
In order to establish a cause of action for civil conspiracy, the plaintiff must plead sufficient facts to support the following elements: 1) two or more persons; 2) an object to be accomplished; 3) a meeting of minds on the object or course of action; 4) one or more unlawful acts; and, 5) damages. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Weber, 767 S.W.2d 336, 338 (Mo.App. 1989); Mackey v. Mackey, 914 S.W.2d 48, 50 (Mo.App. 1996). The term unlawful, as it relates to civil conspiracy, is not limited to conduct that is criminally liable.
Plaintiff is well aware that Judge Syler as judicial immunity from liability. The law is clear that judges have absolute immunity for liability for damages under 1983. E. g. Pierson v. Ray 386 U.S. 547 (1967). Plaintiff is not suing the judge for damages but only for declaratory and injunctive relief. In Pulliam v. Allen the Supreme Court held that judicial immunity does not extend to declaratory and injunctive actions and that it was no bar to and award of attorney's fees. This suit seeks and order to prevent this judge from further infringing on the rights of the plaintiff. This suit falls within the immunity limits set by this Supreme Court decision.
Civil rights complaints under 42 U. S. C. § 1983 require that the defendant acted under color of law. Normally you can sue a private party for violations of civil rights. A plaintiff must prove that the defendants deprived him of a constitutional right under color of state law. In Adickes v. S.H. Kress & co. 398 U.S. 144, 150 (1970) it was held:
"Private persons, jointly engaged with state officials in the prohibited action, are acting 'under color' of law for purposes of the statute. To act 'under color' of law does not require that the accused be an officer of the State. It is enough that he is a willful participant in joint activity with the State or its agents," United States v. Price, 383 U.S. 787, 794 (1966)."
However, you can sue a private person under civil rights laws if the private person was jointly engaged with the public official in the challenged action (Dennis v. Sparks 449 US 24, 101 S Ct 183 (1980)). The Plaintiff must establish that the defendants were a "willful participant in joint activity with the State or its agents". In this case Plaintiff is alleging that the Defendants conspired with the judge, and that the judge acted in behalf of the Defendants to deprive the Plaintiff of his property and due process rights under the 14th Amendment. The Plaintiff has alleged facts that indicate that there was a "meeting of the minds" between the Judge and the defendant attorneys. Manis v. Sterling 862 F.2d 679, 681 (8th Cir. 1988). The Plaintiff has also alleged sufficient facts to support the allegation of conspiracy. Thus the Plaintiff has met the burden required in order to bring a 1983 action against private parties.
The Bar Plan is a defendant under the doctrine of Respondent Superior. The case of GEORGE M. MADSEN v. JAMES LAWRENCE 366 S.W.2d 413 defines the concepts of the doctrine as follows:
"'A master is a principal who employs another to perform service in his affairs and who controls or has the right to control the physical conduct of the other in the performance of the service.
"'A servant is a person employed by a master to perform service in his affairs whose physical conduct in the performance of the service is controlled or subject to the right of control by the master.
"'An independent contractor is a person who contracts with another to do something for him, but who is not controlled by the other nor subject to the other's right of control with respect to his physical conduct in the performance of the undertaking.'" Barnes v. Real Silk Hosiery Mills, 341 Mo. 563, 108 S.W.2d 58. See also Skidmore v. Haggard, 341 Mo. 837, 110 S.W.2d 726; Talley v. Bowen Construction Company, Mo. Sup., 340 S.W.2d 701.
In this case The Bar Plan hired Defendant Duncan and his law firm to represent their interests and liability. Defendant Duncan, in his capacity as an attorney, represented The Bar Plan. However, Mr. Duncan will claim that he is not an employee, but an independent contractor and that The Bar Plan is not liable under the doctrine of Respondent Superior. The case of ADA USREY v. DR. PEPPER BOTTLING COMPANY, 385 S.W.2d 335 defines the test of the existence of a master/servant relationship.
The test almost universally applied in determining whether or not respondent superior applies to torts is, did the person sought to be charged as master have the right or power to control and direct the physical conduct of the other in the performance of the act. If there was no right to control there is no liability; for those rendering service but retaining control over their own movements are not servants. Skidmore v. Haggard, 341 Mo. 837, 110 S.W.2d 726; Reiling v. Missouri Insurance Co., 351 Mo. 1179, 175 S.W.2d 761. And the relationship (of servant and master) begins only when the person charged as master has the right to direct the method by which the master's service is performed. Restatement, Agency 2d § 233.
In this case the master/servant has an attorney/client relationship. The Plaintiff has alleged facts that support that the attorney committed fraud and suborned perjury. The issue is if a client can be held responsible for the sins of his lawyer. Plaintiff contends that a client can.
The question rests on if The Bar Plan had the right or power to control and direct the physical conduct of the Mr. Duncan in the performance of the act. Could The Bar Plan have ordered his lawyer to obey the law? Clearly the answer is yes. Did he have a duty to do so? Again, clearly the answer is yes.
Lawyers are professionals and generally when a client hires a professional the client defers to the professional’s judgement, or let the professional do his job. In this case however, the client is an insurance company with their own legal staff, and is therefore much more aware of legal issues than the average client. If the client is warned repeatedly that their attorney is engaging in improper activity and urged to investigate it, and the client ignores those warnings, then the client becomes liable for the improper activities of the attorney.
In this case the Plaintiff wrote insurance company informing them that their attorney had averred to the Court in its depositions that there was a deposition. When Mr. Sharp, the insured, revealed in his interrogatories that there was no court reporter present, Mr. Duncan had a duty to take remedial measures to avoid fraud upon the court. The Bar Plan failed to respond to the Plaintiff in any manner.
Then Defendant Duncan and Defendant Sharp filed their responses to the Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgement that contained Exhibit B that had been altered. Plaintiff alleged that the altered exhibit constituted criminal Tampering with Evidence and again wrote a letter to The Bar Plan informing them that their attorney was now possibly a party to a criminal act. Plaintiff again urged The Bar Plan to take remedial measures, and again the Plaintiff was ignored.
The Plaintiff filed a second motion for summary judgement alleging criminal conduct. In response, Defendant Duncan, in his capacity as an attorney, proffered Defendant Sharp’s false affidavit to the Court claiming that Mr. Sharp’s highlighter photocopies to solid black. The Plaintiff, for a third time, contacted The Bar Plan informing them of the facts and again urging them to take remedial action, and again the Plaintiff was ignored.
Clearly The Bar Plan had the power and the right to order Mr. Duncan to obey the law. A client has the right to control the conduct of his lawyer, especially if his lawyer is engaged in improper and/or illegal activities. As an insurance company with a legal staff, The Bar Plan can hardly claim they didn’t know or understand the gravity of the charges the Plaintiff had warned them about. Therefore, The Bar Plan clearly falls within the parameters of Respondent Superior.
An insurance company has a duty to exercise good faith in evaluating and negotiating third party claims against its insured. This duty is explained in the case of CLIFFORD E. DUNCAN AND GAYLE DUNCAN, RESPONDENTS, v. ANDREW COUNTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, 665 S.W.2d 13;
"By way of explication, an insurer's right to control settlement and litigation under a policy of liability insurance creates a fiduciary relationship between insurer and insured. Concomitantly, an insurer owes a duty to exercise good faith in evaluating and negotiating third party claims against its insured and may be held liable in tort (commonly referred to as the tort of bad faith) by its insured for a third party judgement in excess of the policy limits in the event it fails to exercise good faith in the performance of its fiduciary obligation. It is the existence of this fiduciary relationship between insurer and insured under a policy of liability insurance, beyond and apart from any subsisting implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing on the part of an insurer under a policy of insurance, which exposes an insurer to liability in tort for failure to exercise good faith in evaluating and negotiating third party claims against an insured."
In this case the Plaintiff wrote The Bar Plan three letters. In the first letter the Plaintiff pointed out that Defendant Sharp admitted that he had the Plaintiff sanctioned for a deposition when he had no court reporter present to take his deposition. This by itself should have caused The Bar Plan to offer a good faith settlement. The Plaintiff filed his Motion for Summary Judgement based on this revelation. In response the insured Defendants proffered documents to the court in which they altered the date. However, the insured Defendants got caught Tampering with Physical Evidence, a crime under Missouri law. Again the Plaintiff wrote The Bar Plan trying to settle. Plaintiff filed a second Motion for Summary Judgement based on the altered evidence. In response the insured Defendant, Mr. Sharp made a false affidavit swearing to the court that his highlighter pen photocopies to solid black, a claim that is scientifically impossible. Again the Plaintiff wrote to The Bar Plan.
In all the attempts to settle this case with the insurer, The Bar Plan ignored the Plaintiff and didn’t even acknowledge that they even received the Plaintiff’s offer. Plaintiff contends that The Bar Plan has committed a Tort of Bad Faith and is therefore directly liable to the Plaintiff.
The Defendants deprived the Plaintiff of property under color of state law. The Defendants acted under color of state law in a conspiracy with a judge that resulted in allowing defendants to take money from the Plaintiff in their execution of a judgement obtained through fraud. Judge Syler made a ridiculous ruling that defendants could represent other defendants. Judge Syler’s ruling that a defendant should be permitted to represent another defendant shows an absolute disregard for the integrity of the judicial system and the Missouri Rules of Court. There is no way that a person can go through law school, pass the Bar, become a lawyer and then a judge without knowing that a defendant cannot represent another defendant.
Judge Syler then suspended the trial process making the Plaintiff take his cause all the way to the United States Supreme Court. Judge Syler refused to hear the Plaintiff's motion for an injunction to prevent execution of a fraudulent judgement. Judge Syler shut down discovery when it was revealed through discovery that the Defendants may have committed a criminal act of Tampering with Physical Evidence. Judge Syler now refuses to act to investigate a sworn affidavit by Defendant Sharp which is clearly false.
Judge Syler is clearly obstruction justice and is denying the Plaintiff his due process and property rights as defined my the 14th Amendment, and he is doing so in behalf of and in a conspiracy with the other Defendants. Thus Judge Syler violated 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and 42 U.S.C. § 1985(2), and because he acted under color of state law in behalf of the other defendants, they too have violated the Plaintiff's rights under color of state law. (Dennis v. Sparks)
Plaintiff contends that the facts support a violation of 42 U. S. C. § 1985(2) in that the Defendants conspired to obstruct justice.
In a well-reasoned opinion, in the only post-Griffin case which provided relief to a plaintiff under § 1985(2), a Texas United States District Court in Britt v. Suckle, (1978) 453 F Supp 987, reasoned:
"In utilizing the Griffin criterion, then, the first question is whether the class-based animus requirement of § 1985(3) also applies to § 1985(2).... and, if so, whether it is most appropriately applied exactly in an action under § 1985(3) or in some more refined form adapted to the language and intent of § 1985(2). Of the few courts which have considered § 1985(2) since Griffin, most have concluded, with little or no analysis, that its class-based animus requirement for claimants under § 1985 applies with full force to § 1985(2) claimants as well, (numerous citations omitted), 453 F Supp, at 995....[T]he conspiracies prohibited in the pertinent part of § 1985(2) are those of which the purpose is to obstruct the due course of justice, while § 1985(3) is directed toward conspiracies, for the purpose of which is to deprive persons of equal protection of the laws or equal privileges and immunities under the law....Two crucial distinctions between § 1985(2) and....§ 1985(3) indicate different applications of the class-based animus requirement.
First viewed as dealing with particularly access to state courts, § 1985(2) has its own built-in limitations, for this section could not be read as the 'general federal tort law' which § 1985(3) threatens to expand (citing footnote 16, 453 F Supp, at 996: 'It is instructive in this regard to consider how many of the cases brought under § 1985(3) could not even plausibly fit the language of § 1985(2) (citation omitted).... Second, the class-based animus required in Griffin is a product of statutory interpretation. In Griffin, the court's construction of § 1985(3) centered on conspiracies broadly purposeful of deprivation of equal protection of the laws. When the purpose of the conspiracy is more precisely focused on the courts, as it is in § 1985(2), to a sphere of particular Congressional concern, then the content of the requisite animus must change also.
An analogy is the traditional two-tiered analysis employed by the Supreme Court under the equal protection clause of the Constitution. See San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodrigez, 411 US 1. Under this approach, if no particular fundamental right is threatened, ordinarily a suspect classification (for example, discrimination against a particular racial group) is required before the law is struck down; 453 F Supp, at 996. However, where a fundamental right is implicated....all distinctions among classes, whether or not traditionally discriminated against, require close judicial scrutiny; 453 F Supp, at 996-997. Correspondingly, in § 1985(3), where no right is specifically identified, the class-based must be along racial, or perhaps other analogous lines. The language of § 1985(2), conversely, by its heavy emphasis on access to the state's legal system suggests the existence of invidious distinctions other than racial as denials of equal protections. This reading of § 1 985(2) does not imply that the class-based animus requirement of Griffin can be dispensed with completely in § 1985(2) suits. For example, in one of the most commonly cited for the proposition that a class-based animus must be alleged in a § 1985(2) claim, Phillips v. Singletary, 350 F Supp 297 (DSC 1972), it can readily be seen that the complaint was deficient in this respect.
In sum, defendant's intent, as alleged by plaintiff [Britt], is to obstruct the due course of justice, the hearing and vindication of state claims of the affected class members in state courts; the defendant's discriminatory intent is not directed toward any personal or accidental characteristic, but is trained upon the nature of the claim sought to be heard and maintained. While the degree of generality might not suffice under § 1985(3), conspiracies to bar from state courts a class of plaintiffs defined by their desire to vindicate a particular right granted them by state law is sufficiently invidious to fall within the proscription of the section [1985(2)]," 453 F Supp, at 997.
This case is similar to the Britt case in that the Defendants' intent was to obstruct the due course of justice. In ruling that defendants can represent defendants and refusing to consider many important motions of the Plaintiff, and in the failure of the court to act when faced with overwhelming evidence of criminal conduct, the Defendants are denying the Plaintiff his day in court. Based on Britt, when the challenged conduct infringes on a fundamental right. In Britt, "where a fundamental right is implicated....all distinctions among classes, whether or not traditionally discriminated against, require close judicial scrutiny; 453 F Supp, at 996-997"
Although this case is similar to Britt, in some ways it's a better case than Britt. Where Britt won a 1985(2) case without a class distinction, this case has a class distinction in that the Plaintiff is a pro se litigant, and the Plaintiff's right were violated because he was pro se.
For the purposes of this suit, the Plaintiff is a member of a class of pro se litigants. As a member of this class, the defendants conspired to deprive the Plaintiff right of equal protection of the law. Plaintiff contends that the Defendants took advantage of the fact that the Plaintiff is pro se to deny him due process of law. Plaintiff contends that the Defendants conspired to obstruct justice.
In JAYNE BRAY v. ALEXANDRIA WOMEN'S HEALTH, 113 S. Ct. 753, 122 L. Ed. 2d 34, 61 U.S.L.W. 4080 the justices of the Supreme Court gave this example of class based discrimination: "A tax on wearing yarmulkes is a tax on Jews." The reasoning here is that Jews are a class of people and they are a unique class in that they wear yarmulkes. So to tax the wearing of yarmulkes would be a tax that is targeted against a specific class of people because the act in question targets unfairly a characteristic unique to those class members in violation of their constitutional right to equal protection.
This case is similar. In this case the Plaintiff alleges that he is a member of an invidious class, and the Defendants conduct violated his civil rights based on his membership in this class of pro se litigants. If the Plaintiff can establish that because he is pro se that his rights were violated, then the Plaintiff can support an argument that his right to equal protection was violated. And although an invidious classification isn't necessary for a 1985(2) claim (per Britt), it helps.
The Plaintiff brought a lawsuit against Defendant Stringfellow and Defendants Wear and Sharp. In that suit the Plaintiff alleged a fraudulent conspiracy and that each defendant committed acts of fraud. Although they were both defendants, Mr. Wear and Mr. Sharp entered an appearance as counsel for their codefendant, Ms. Stringfellow. Mr. Duncan entered an appearance as counsel for Wear and Sharp.
Missouri Rule 4.2 that prohibits lawyers from communicating with parties represented by counsel. If the Plaintiff had a lawyer, the Plaintiff’s lawyer wouldn’t be allowed to communicate with Defendant Stringfellow’s lawyer because Defendant Stringfellow’s lawyer, Mr. Sharp is himself a defendant and is represented by Mr. Duncan. Only because the Plaintiff is pro se can Judge Syler get away with attempting to allow a defendant to represent another defendant because a pro se litigant isn’t subject to Missouri Rule 4.2. Thus Judge Syler took advantage of the Plaintiff’s invidious classification to deny him equal protection under the law and his rights to due process of law.
The key point is that if counsel represented the Plaintiff, Judge Syler could not have made the ruling to allow a defendant to represent another defendant based on Missouri Rule 4.2. Plaintiff contends that if he were represented by counsel that the Judge wouldn’t have attempted to allow a defendant to represent another defendant. The only reason he allowed it was that most pro se litigants are unfamiliar with the Rules and the judge took advantage of the fact that the pro se class is ignorant and that he could get away with pulling a fast one on the Plaintiff because of his invidious class. Plaintiff contends that Defendant Syler’s decision, to allow defendants to represent other defendants, is an act directed specifically against pro se litigants.
Additionally, Plaintiff alleges that Judge Syler ignored his motions while at the same time considered and ruled on Defendants’ motions. Plaintiff contends that his motions before the court were legally valid motions and deserved the same level of consideration as if a lawyer submitted them. Plaintiff contends that he is a victim of judicial discrimination on the basis of his being a member of the pro se class of litigants.
For example, shortly after Judge Syler was appointed by the Missouri Supreme Court to hear this case, the Plaintiff filed a motion for an injunction to stop the execution of the underlying divorce judgement obtained through fraud upon the court. Judge Syler ignored the Plaintiff’s motion because he was pro se. Had the Plaintiff been represented by counsel, the Court would have either granted the Plaintiff’s motion or denied that Plaintiff’s motion. Because the Plaintiff is pro se, the court treated the Plaintiff as if he had no right to have his motions considered.
The same thing happened when the Plaintiff filed his motion to disqualify counsel for conflict of interest and violation of the rules. Plaintiff argued that defendant should not be allowed to represent other defendants and asked the Court for an immediate ruling. The reason behind asking for an immediate ruling is that Judge Syler lives five hours away from the courthouse and if the Plaintiff was right, it would save the judge a trip to Springfield because if the Court ruled the representation improper, the Court wouldn’t have been able to rule on any other motions until the Defendants obtained proper counsel.
Again, had counsel represented the Plaintiff, Judge Syler would have either granted his motion or denied his motion. But because, and only because, the Plaintiff was pro se, Judge Syler ignored the motion, failing to either grant or deny it. Judge Syler’s non-ruling can be construed as a ruling that a pro se litigant is a non-person.
As a citizen of the United States the Plaintiff has an absolute right to bring suit and to have due process of law. This due process right includes the right to have his motions ruled upon. Judge Syler violated this right by failing to rule on the Plaintiff’s motion when he had a duty to do so. There is no rules or case law supporting the concept that a pro se litigant has fewer rights to due process of law than a represented litigant.
A pro se litigant, if anything, operates under a disability. In the interest of justice and equal protection under the laws, many courts have taken affirmative steps to ensure that pro se litigants have the same access as represented litigants. Many courts, for example, will allow a pro se litigant to get away with a greater number of procedural mistakes to fully consider the merits of the pro se litigant’s argument. Thus, if there is any difference in procedure between pro se and represented clients, it should be in favor of and not in discrimination against, the pro se litigant.
There is a word used in the English language. This word is a borderline word as to its use in polite company. The Plaintiff is going to use this word respectfully before this court because there is no other word that carries the same meaning and it is therefore necessary for the Plaintiff to use this word to make his argument before this honorable court. The word is "sucker".
The word "sucker" refers to a baby sucking at his mother’s breast and implies a person who is young and naïve, who doesn’t know the rules of life and can therefore can easily be taken advantage of. "Sucker" is also a verb. To "sucker" someone is to take advantage of his or her ignorance and inexperience. To "take someone for a sucker" is to take advantage of someone because they have a disability with regard to knowledge, customs, education, or experiences, using ethically compromised acts, in a manner that is detrimental to the sucker. But it’s not just the meaning of the word, but the mental flavor the word invokes that causes it to convey a concept that can’t be duplicated in proper language.
Thus having defined the term, the Plaintiff contends that Judge Syler violated the Plaintiff’s constitutional rights, in a conspiracy with the Defendant lawyers, and because the Plaintiff is a pro se litigant, abused his judicial power buy trying to take the Plaintiff for a sucker. Plaintiff contends that a judge trying to sucker a pro se litigant is morally equivalent to pushing a guy in a wheelchair down a flight of stairs. It’s an act that shocks the conscience.
The Defendants’ conduct included several criminal acts including Perjury by attorneys and Tampering with Evidence. The Defendant attorneys committed a crime against justice through fraud upon the court and conspiring with a judge to deprive the plaintiff of his right to due process of law. The conduct of Judge Syler can be characterized as treason to the Constitution. Defendant Stringfellow is using the justice system to defraud the Plaintiff for the purposes of greed and revenge.
Because the Plaintiff is pro se, the court has a higher standard when faced with a motion to dismiss. White v. Bloom, 621 F.2d 276 makes this point clear and states:
A court faced with a motion to dismiss a pro se complaint alleging violations of civil rights must read the complaint's allegations expansively, Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520-21, 92 S. Ct. 594, 596, 30 L. Ed. 2d 652 (1972), and take them as true for purposes of deciding whether they state a claim. Cruz v. Beto, 405 U.S. 319, 322, 92 S. Ct. 1079, 1081, 31 L. Ed. 2d 263 (1972). Moreover, "the court is under a duty to examine the complaint to determine if the allegations provide for relief on any possible theory." onner v. Circuit Court of St. Louis, 526 F.2d 1331, 1334 (8th Cir. 1975) (quoting Bramlet v. Wilson, 495 F.2d 714, 716 (8th Cir. 1974)).
Thus, if this court were to entertain any motion to dismiss, this court would have to apply the standards of White v. Bloom.
Attached to this brief is Defendant Sharp's sworn affidavit he proffered to the court in defense to Plaintiff's Second Motion for Summary Judgement. In this affidavit Mr. Sharp claims that his photocopier copies highlighted text to solid black.
Plaintiff also has attached a color test sheet of six colors of highlighters and a copy of this sheet using his copy machine. Also attached is Defendants' Exhibit B which is solid black.
The Plaintiff respectfully challenges this court to try it for yourself and see what you get on your photocopier(s) as a truth test to see who's telling the truth here. I'd like to see if anyone can reproduce the effect that Mr. Sharp swore on his oath to.
The judicial system is self-governing and is therefore responsible for policing itself. The preamble makes this responsibility clear by stating: "The legal profession's relative autonomy carries with it special responsibilities of self government. The profession has a responsibility to assure that its regulations are conceived in the public interest and not in furtherance of parochial or self-interested concerns of the bar. Every lawyer is responsible for observance of the Rules of Professional Conduct. A lawyer should also aid in securing their observance by other lawyers. Neglect of these responsibilities compromises the independence of the profession and the public interest which it serves."
The United States is a government of the people, by the people, and for the people. The judicial system’s function is to serve the public by providing a means to serve justice and to resolve disputes. This can only be done in an environment where honesty, integrity, and high moral standards are strictly enforced. The Supreme Court uses disciplinary proceedings to protect the court and public from the official ministrations of lawyers unfit to practice law.
Bad lawyers hurt good lawyers. When a lawyer is allowed to abuse the judicial process for his own personal gain it taints the image of the court and that of all lawyers. As officers of the court, lawyers should be held to a higher standard of honesty and moral character, not a lower standard. It is therefore in the best interest of all lawyers to weed out those who willfully break the rules and are therefore unfit to practice law. Any organization that fails to take responsibility to police itself will eventually lose its autonomy. If the courts allow lawyers to use the court’s power to abuse the people, the people will rise up against the courts and strip them of their authority.
It's the actions of lawyers like Mr. Wear and Mr. Sharp who bring the lawyers into disrepute. Mr. Wear and Mr. Sharp are a pariah on society and the legal system. They make a living feeding off the misfortune of others and taking advantage of the lax enforcement of ethical standards to use the courts as an opportunity to steal from the public. It lawyers like these who cause people like me to hate the judicial system because it makes all lawyers look like a bunch of self serving crooks. These lawyers should not be allowed to get away with it. These lawyers should not be allowed to continue to practice law.
These lawyers have shown an absolute disdain for ethics, honesty, and the Rules of Professional Conduct. To them these rules are a joke. Their conduct was willful, deliberate and inexcusable. But what’s worse is when judges conspire with lawyers to cover up for each other as they abuse justice to rip off the public who they are supposed to serve. Lawyers become judges and judges go back to being lawyers and it would seem that the rule of law has less to do with justice that it has to do with the old idiom, "you have to go along to get along". And that’s clearly what happened in this case.
In this case the Plaintiff served the Judge and Defendant Sharp with notification that Mr. Sharp would be deposed. A defendant is automatically, by law, a witness, and both Judge Syler and Mr. Sharp know it. When Judge Syler asked the question if Mr. Sharp was going to be a witness, he did so with the expectation that Mr. Sharp would say the lie he expected to hear. Is this the way the justice system is meant to be run? Are our courts run by laws or by winks and nods? It would appear that winks and nods run Mr. Syler’s court. If you’re an insider, you win. If you’re an outsider, you lose. Justice is no more than a brand name that’s used as a marketing ploy to pacify the citizens so as to create the illusion of justice.
In the case of ELKINS ET AL. v. UNITED STATES, 364 U.S. 206, 80 S. Ct. 1437, 4 L. Ed. 2d 1669 the court in speaking about the imperative of judicial integrity stated:
"In a government of laws," said Mr. Justice Brandeis, "existence of the government will be imperiled if it fails to observe the law scrupulously. Our Government is the potent, the omnipresent teacher. For good or for ill, it teaches the whole people by its example. Crime is contagious. If the Government becomes a lawbreaker, it breeds contempt for law; it invites every man to become a law unto himself; it invites anarchy."
This court has a duty to the constitution to take an active role in making sure that this sort of corruption is not allowed to continue. The integrity of justice is at stake here and the Plaintiff hopes that this court will stand on the side of the law and not become part of the coverup. If you're not part of the solution, you're part of the problem.
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Marc Perkel - Plaintiff - 02-02-98
In re: ELGENE C. VER DUGHT, Respondent 1992 MO 201
"The special master found respondent had violated Rule 3.3 of Rule 4 of the Rules of Professional Conduct. Rule 3.3 provides in part: "a lawyer shall not knowingly: (1) make a false statement of material fact or law to a tribunal; (2) fail to disclose a material fact to a tribunal when disclosure is necessary to avoid assisting a criminal or fraudulent act by the client;" and "(4) offer evidence that the lawyer knows to be false."
"The special master found respondent had violated Rule 8.4(c) and (d) which provide it constitutes professional misconduct for a lawyer to "engage in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation" and "engage in conduct that is prejudicial to the administration of justice." The special master's finding as to Rule 8.4(c) and (d) is supported by the evidence."
IN RE: ELMER OBERHELLMANN, RESPONDENT. 873 S.W.2d 851
Disbarment is the appropriate sanction for respondent. Disbarment is appropriate when a lawyer, with the intent to deceive a court, makes a false statement or submits a false document to a court. In re Storment, No. 75335, slip op. at 8 (Mo. banc Mar. 22, 1994); ABA Standards for Imposing Lawyer Sanctions, Rule 6.11 (1986).
Pulliam v. Allen
1) Judicial immunity is not a bar to prospective injunctive relief against a judicial officer, such as petitioner, acting in her judicial capacity. Pp. 528-543.
(a) Common-law principles of judicial immunity were incorporated into the United States judicial system and should not be abrogated absent clear legislative intent to do so. Although there were no injunctions against common-law judges, there is a common-law parallel to the 1983 injunction at issue here in the collateral prospective relief available against judges through the use of the King's prerogative writs in England. The history of these writs discloses that the common-law rule of judicial immunity did not include immunity from prospective collateral relief. Pp. 528-536.
(b) The history of judicial immunity in the United States is fully consistent with the common-law experience. There never has been a rule of absolute judicial immunity from prospective relief, and there is no evidence that the absence of that immunity has had a chilling effect on judicial independence. Limitations on obtaining equitable relief serve to curtail or prevent harassment of judges through suits against them by disgruntled litigants. Collateral injunctive relief against a judge, particularly when that relief is available through 1983, also raises a concern relating to the proper functioning of federal-state relations, but that concern has been addressed directly as a matter of comity and federalism, independent of principles of judicial immunity. While there is a need for restraint by federal courts called upon to enjoin actions of state judicial officers, there is no support for a conclusion that Congress intended to limit the injunctive relief available under 1983 in a way that would prevent federal injunctive relief against a state judge. Rather, Congress intended 1983 to be an independent protection for federal rights, and there is nothing to suggest that Congress intended to expand the common-law doctrine of judicial immunity to insulate state judges completely from federal collateral review. Pp. 536-543.
2) Judicial immunity is no bar to the award of attorney's fees under the Civil Rights Attorney's Fees Awards Act. Congress has made clear in the Act its intent that attorney's fees be available in any action to enforce 1983. And the legislative history confirms Congress' intent that an attorney's fee award be made available even when damages would be barred or limited by immunity doctrines. Pp. 543-544.
Dennis v. Sparks
Held : The action against the private parties accused of conspiring with the judge is not subject to dismissal. Private persons, jointly engaged with state officials in a challenged action, are acting "under color" of law for purposes of 1983 actions. And the judge's immunity from damages liability for an official act that was allegedly the product of a corrupt conspiracy involving bribery of the judge does not change the character of his action or that of his co-conspirators. Historically at common law, judicial immunity does not insulate from damages liability those private persons who corruptly conspire with a judge. Nor has the doctrine of judicial immunity been considered historically as excusing a judge from responding as a witness when his co-conspirators are sued, even though a charge of conspiracy and judicial corruption will be aired and decided. Gravel v. United States, 408 U.S. 606, distinguished. The potential harm to the public from denying immunity to co-conspirators if the factfinder mistakenly upholds a charge of a corrupt conspiracy is outweighed by the benefits of providing a remedy against those private persons who participate in subverting the judicial process and in so doing inflict injury on other persons. Pp. 27-32.
The involvement of a state official in such a conspiracy plainly provides the state action essential to show a direct violation of petitioner's Fourteenth Amendment equal protection rights, whether or not the actions of the police were officially authorized, or lawful; Monroe v. Pape, 365 U.S. 167 (1961); see United States v. Classic, 313 U.S. 299, 326 (1941); Screws v. United States, 325 U.S. 91, 107-111 (1945); Williams v. United States, 341 U.S. 97, 99-100 (1951). Moreover, a private party involved in such a conspiracy, even though not an official of the State, can be liable under 1983. 'Private persons, jointly engaged with state officials in the prohibited action, are acting "under color" of law for purposes of the statute. To act "under color" of law does not require that the accused be an officer of the State. It is enough that he is a willful participant in joint activity with the State or its agents,' United States v. Price, 383 U.S. 787, 794 (1966)." 398 U.S., at 152.
In the Matter of Anthony Canzoneri 1960.MO.100
This is true because "the purpose of suspending or disbarring an attorney is to remove from the profession a person whose misconduct has proved him unfit to be intrusted with the duties and responsibilities belonging to the office of an attorney, and thus to protect the public and those charged with the administration of justice, rather than to punish the attorney." (5 Am.Jur. 411, Sec. 249, and cases cited; In Re Conner, 357 Mo. 270, 207 S.W.2d 492; In Re Richards, 333 Mo. 907, 63 S.W.2d 672.) The primary duty of every lawyer is to keep his own conduct above reproach (certainly above the minimum standards of the criminal law) because improper conduct of even a few persons lowers the prestige of the profession and its effectiveness in performing its duties and responsibilities.
In re Paul E. Panek, Respondent. 1979.MO.781
"It is not necessary to the exercise of the disciplinary powers of this court that the fraud committed by a lawyer be committed in his capacity as a lawyer, nor is it necessary that a lawyer be previously convicted of a criminal offense based upon fraudulent acts. This disciplinary power 'is not limited to those instances of misconduct wherein he has been employed, or has acted, in a professional capacity; but, on the contrary, this power may be exercised where his misconduct outside the scope of his professional relations shows him to be an unfit person to practice law. In re Williams, 233 Mo. App. 1174, 128 S.W.2d 1098, 1105 [4, 6, 8]; State ex rel. Clark et al. v. Shain, En Banc, 353 Mo. 542, 122 S.W.2d 882; In re Conner [357 Mo. 270, 207 S.W.2d 492]; In re Richards, 333 Mo. 907, 63 S.W.2d 672; 5 Am.Jur. pp. 426, 427, 276; 7 Am,Jur.2d pp. 72, 73, 44; 7 C.J.S. Attorney and Client 24, pp. 762, 764.' In re Wilson, 391 S.W.2d 914, 918 (Mo. banc 1965). . . .
"Respondent's retention as an officer of the court would be inimical to the public confidence and esteem essential to the courts and the bar in the efficient administration of justice. Additionally, the specific fraudulent conduct of respondent is such that he can no longer be allowed to represent clients and to have reposed in him the trust and confidence necessary to the proper representation of a client by a lawyer."
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